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Biomechanical studies carpometacarpal (CMC) joint thumb
Podsedník, Karel ; Marcián, Petr (referee) ; Florian, Zdeněk (advisor)
This master thesis deals with stress-strain analysis of carpometacarpal (CMC) thumb joint. It is a preliminary study, which was not analysed on BUT Mechanical and biomechanical institute yet. There is a comparative stress-strain analysis of CMC with applied total endoprosthesis and physiological condition. The model of geometry was created based on CT images and processed with using software Catia and Solidworks. The problem was solved in numerical FEM (finite element method) in software Ansys 13.0
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Strain Stress Study of Burch-Schneider Split
Řehák, Kamil ; Horyl, Petr (referee) ; Janíček, Přemysl (referee) ; Florian, Zdeněk (advisor)
This thesis deals with problems of the hip endoprosthetics area, namely total endoprosthesis (TEP) with Burch-Schneider (BS) split, in which there are many problems in clinical practice. The hip joint load depends on the patient weight and the performed activity. Sedentary job, little exercise, a lot of stress or poor eating habits and overweight associated with it affect negatively hip joint. Increasing hip joint wear and its pain in movement is necessary in several cases to be solved by a surgical procedure in which TEP is applied. When selecting and subsequently applying individual TEP, it is important to pay attention to creating conditions which will allow good fixation. In case of worse mechanical properties of bone tissue, it is very problematic to ensure stability of the implant. Based on several classifications which assess the degree of hip joint damage, it is possible to select a suitable TEP. The BS split, on which this work is focused, is dominantly used in cases of large defects in the acetabulum area. The use of this cage allows to bridgelarge defects and create a new centre of rotation of the hip. Knowledge of the mechanical properties of hip bone tissue can significantly affect the prediction of BS split damage. For this purpose, it was necessary to perform a biomechanical study, which is focused on the influence of worse mechanical properties of bone tissue on BS split failure. The computational modelling using finite element method implemented in the ANSY S software was used for the solution, which enables to solve the mechanical interaction between bone tissue and TEP with BS split. Due to the absence of bone tissue data before application of TEP with BS split, the variants before application of TEP and after application of resurfacing and standard TEP were solved. All variants were solved with the material properties of bone tissue that were determined based on CT images. In addition, all variants were solved for the case of degraded mechanical properties. Based on the numerical simulations results and the Mechanostat hypothesis, a bone tissue analysis of the hip joint was performed before and after application of TEP and TEP with BS split. The results show the influence of the computational model level, which considers the distribution of bone tissue through the inhomogeneous model of the material. Therefore, the degraded mechanical properties have a major impact on the stability and strain of the BS split, particularly in the cranial part of the acetabulum.
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An analysis of the influence of geometric variability of total hip endoprosthesis shank on stress-strain states in the hip joint
Zýbal, Jan ; Chamrad, Jakub (referee) ; Marcián, Petr (advisor)
This master's thesis deals with stress-strain analysis of hip joint after total hip replacement. These stress-strain states are compared between four variable stems. A research study of available literature is presented with the focus on finite element analysis of hip joints. Basics of hip's joint anatomy is described along with total endoprostheses' variants and properties. Computational modeling was chosen as a solution method using finite element analysis. The solution was executed using ANSYS software. For each stem there was created a computational model which consists of several submodels such as model of geometry, material, contacts and loading. The assesed variables were total hip displacement, contact pressure between the head and liner, stress on each stem and strain on femur. The evaluation of femur's bone tissue was accomplished on basis of Frost's mechanostat in seven Gruen zones.
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Research study of total endoprosthesis of temporomandibular joint
Horňas, Jan ; Borák, Libor (referee) ; Marcián, Petr (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with total joint replacements (TJR) applied for replacement of temporomandibular joint (TMJ). In the thesis, research study of solutions system is done for anatomy of TMJ, mandible and masticatory muscles. Main producers and ma-terials for manufacturing TJR is mentioned furthermore. Finally, stress strain analysis for TJR is done by computing modeling using finite element method on the basis of re-search study.
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Design and Development of Experimental Device for Testing the TEP Acetabula and Wear Identification using Optical Method
Houfek, Martin ; Kratochvíl, Ctirad (referee) ; Hortel, Milan (referee) ; Hlaváčková, Milada (referee) ; Florian, Zdeněk (advisor)
Today is the implantation of joint replacements, although a radical, but very functional restoration frequent way ill joint. The implants are placed high demands on their biocompatible and long-term function, which is directly related to wear of joint replacements in the human body. Therefore, analysis of the complex behavior of the implant in the human body is a fundamental problem of biomechanics of implants. This issue is dedicated, this dissertation thesis. Dissertation thesis deals with the solution design and development of experimental device for testing the TEP acetabula and wear identification using optical method. The proposed device allows the joint burden hole TEP physiological manner, but by working with the acetabulum burdened by Power resultant joint axis passes through the hole. The physiological loading of articular wells and evaluating the size of the loss of polyethylene is currently intensively addressed. The results of this study may in the near future, serving as information for assessing the conduct of wear prosthetic hip joint in vivo. The work is devoted to solving the problem of the size required to detect the loss of polyethylene for joint replacement arthroplasty: Design and development of experimental equipment for testing the acetabulum of the hip joint arthroplasty. Identify wear using optical methods. Design and development of experimental equipment was made in the system Inventor Professional 2010 at the level of 3D modeling. Great attention was paid to the design fit into the acetabulum TEP testing machines and gripping the acetabulum into an optical device. Management options were tested with combinations of experimental equipment engines. Suggestions were made and then tests for fixing the acetabulum into an optical device. Has the possibility of depth analysis and identification of wear joined with innovative solutions to evaluate the loss of polyethylene acetabulum arthroplasty. Identification of abrasion (loss of polyethylene) joint arthroplasty holes were carried out experimental measurements using an optical holographic interferometry. The comprehensive analysis of the results of experimental measurement of the loss of polyethylene shows that this method can identify both the size but also an area where there is even to small changes in the surface, which depend on the abrasion. One can also say that using this method we are able to affect the will or displacements that affect the size of the loss of polyethylene in joint arthroplasty hole. Despite the number of known and lessons learned arising from the results of solving the problem of design and development of experimental equipment for testing the acetabulum and hip arthroplasty wear identification using optical methods, this work is that the initial study to identify problematics wear of joint replacements. Complete resolution of this issue is beyond the scope of one doctoral thesis.
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Stress-Strain Analysis of Total Endoprosthesis of Temporomandibular Joint
Horňas, Jan ; Valášek, Jiří (referee) ; Marcián, Petr (advisor)
The presented master’s thesis deals with the problem of the application of total endoprosthesis (TEP) during temporomandibular joint (TMJ) replacement. The implantation of TEP occurs due the severe TMJ disease (arthrosis, ankylosis, cancer) or its macrotrauma. Condylar prosthesis is fixed during the implantation by self-tapping screws to the mandible. This fixation causes a change of stress-strain behaviour of mandible, TEP and fixation screws. In the thesis is performed the stress-strain analysis by using computational modeling in use the finite element method (FEM). Analysis is performed for six different screws positions (the number of screws is unchanged) and for a variable the static friction coefficient (in range 0.1 to 0.11) between condylar prosthesis (CP) and fossa prosthesis (FP). Altogether, 36 variants of computational models were created. The stress strain analysis detected a substantial influence of the static friction coefficient value to final results of displacements, contact pressure on the articulation surface between the CP and the FP and also to von Mises stress of the CP. A substantial influence of different screws position is detected for von Mises stress in the screws and for von Mises strain in the cortical and spongious bone tissue.
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Case report on physiotherapeutic care of a patient with total left knee replacement on the left side caused by the gonarthrosis
Hábová, Tereza ; Nováková, Tereza (advisor) ; Coufalová, Jitka (referee)
Title: Case report on physiotherapeutic care of a patient with total left knee replacement on the left side caused by the gonarthrosis. Summary: This thesis focuses on case report of a patient after total left knee replacement. The work contains two parts - the general part and the specialized part. The general part deals with structure, kinesiology and biomechanics of the knee joint, general definition of gonarthrosis, its cause, clinical symptoms and its treatment. It also describes the gonarthrosis, indications and the types of total knee replacement prosthesis. The most important topics of the general part contain descriptions of therapeutic methods and procedures, focused on improving patient's health in the post- operation phase. The specialized part constitutes the main part of this thesis. It is processed via case report form and describes the physiotherapeutic treatment of a specific patient, who underwent a total knee replacement surgery. In the conclusion of the specialized part of the thesis, I evaluate the effects of the theraphy. Key words: knee joint, total knee replacement, gonartrosis, rehabilitation Diagnosis: St.p. total left knee replacement caused by gonarthrosis
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The Case Study of Physiotherapeutic Treatment of a Patient after Total Hip Arthroplasty
Petr, Martin ; Maršáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Nováková, Tereza (referee)
Author: Martin Petr Supervisor: Mgr. Kateřina Maršáková Title: The case study of physiotherapeutic treatment of a patient after total hip arthroplasty Objectives: The aim of this bachelor thesis is to summarize in the general part information concerning osteoarthritis and total hip arthroplasty and in the special part to elaborate a case study of physiotherapeutic treatment of a patient with this diagnosis. Methods: This thesis is divided into two main parts. The first is the general part, which contains information about osteoarthritis and hip alloplasty. The manifestations of osteoarthritis, its diagnostics, distribution, causes and treatment options are mentioned. For alloplasty, surgical approaches, complications associated with surgery, types of joint replacements and possible rehabilitation procedures are listed. The second part of this work is a special section, which includes a case study of a patient after total hip arthroplasty. It consists of medical history, initial kinesiological analysis, short- and long- term therapeutic plan, course of individual therapeutic units, output kinesiological analysis and therapy effect evaluation. Results: The stated goals of the short-term therapeutic plan were met. The patient left the rehabilitation clinic fully self-sufficient and, compared to the...
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Case Study of Physiotherapy Treatment of a Patient with Diagnosis after total hip arthroplasty
Záhorová, Lucie ; Neuwirthová, Svatava (advisor) ; Novotná, Irena (referee)
Author: Lucie Záhorová Supervisor: Mgr. Svatava Neuwirthová Title: Case Study of Physiotherapy Treatment of Patient after total hip arthroplasty Objectives: The aim of this thesis is a case study of physiotherapeutic care of a patient after total hip arthroplasty, evaluation of the effect of therapy and theoretical treatment of this diagnosis. Methods: The bachelor thesis consists of a general part, which uses the literature to discuss the topic of total hip arthroplasty, and a special part, which contains a case report of a patient with this diagnosis. The special part includes a comprehensive initial kinesiological examination, description of the individual therapeutic units, an output kinesiological examination and an evaluation of the effect of therapy. Results: The final kinesiological examination confirmed that the therapies had a positive effect on the patient's health. The greatest improvement is seen in the increase in muscle strength in the right hip joint and the increase in range of motion. Another improvement is the reduction of swelling and the effect on the shortened muscles. These results prove that the therapies were effective. Conclusion: During the rehabilitation program, which lasted two weeks, the patient attended a total of eight therapies. At the end, an outcome...
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Case report of a patient after total hip arthroplasty
Velechovský, Michal ; Sohrová, Jana (advisor) ; Neuwirthová, Svatava (referee)
Title: Case report of a patient after total hip arthroplasty Objectives: The aim of this case study is to obtain and elaborate the current knowledge about the diagnosis of total hip arthroplasty. In the special part, the aim is to elaborate a case study of a patient after total hip arthroplasty with the proposal of therapy, its implementation and evaluation of the results. Methods: This case study is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part contains the current knowledge related to the diagnosis of total hip arthroplasty, including anatomy, kinesiology, the operation itself, preoperative rehabilitation and postoperative rehabilitation. The practical part includes the analysis of a specific case of a patient after total hip arthroplasty and includes the initial kinesiological analysis, the course of therapy and the outcome kinesiological analysis with the evaluation of therapy. Results: After almost three weeks of rehabilitation in the Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, the patient's subjective and objective condition improved, her pain was eliminated and her joint range and muscle strength were increased. Keywords: hip joint, total hip replacement, physiotherapy, rehabilitation, case study
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